The "flying" concept is intimately connected to Birds, but not specifically do all birds fly. With due course of evolution, many birds lost their ability to fly and they no longer feel the need of flying. They have adapted in such ways that they can perform the required activities like staying away from predators, finding food, breeding etc, at the equal ease or even better than their counterparts that are, flying birds.
How Birds became Flightless:
From the evolutionary point of view, the organs which are of no use or less used gets non-functional and sometimes even vanish. Flightless birds have more or less undergone the changing evolutionary processes, that has led to the dis-function of their wings.
In areas, where there is considerably lesser competition, such as birds that do not have any natural predators, availability of food sources such as fruits or fish, the birds then do not have to migrate. They can simply make use of their head adapted features for protecting themselves or courtships. Thus, flying is a less critical option.
Features of Flightless Birds:
The flightless birds have poorly developed wings, which is only for compact insulation while swimming or purposes other than flying. To compensate for their poorly developed wings flightless birds often develop plumage camouflage, stronger legs for running, well-adapted feet for swimming and many specific adaptations to help them survive on the ground in their natural habitat.
Distribution of Flightless Birds:
Flightless Birds occupy a definite place throughout the world, though most of the species of this category are found in New Zealand. Below is a list of various flightless birds found across the world.
Penguins:
Penguin is flightless birds that live in the Southern hemisphere. It is believed that their diving underwater may have stopped their ability to fly.
Flightless Cormorant:
Flightless cormorants are native to Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. An abundance of food in lack of predators have possibly made them flightless.
Steamer Duck:
This South American ducks earned their name by running across water and thrashing their Wings like the wheels on a steam boat.
Weka:
The Weka is the species of the Rail family and is native to New Zealand. They are chicken-sized flightless birds with great swimming capability.
Inaccessible Island Rail:
Inaccessible Island rail is a world's smallest flightless bird that can be found only in the inaccessible island in the Tristan archipelago.
Ostrich:
Ostrich is the world's largest flightless bird native to Africa. They are the fast runners of all birds and can sprint up to speeds of 70 km per hour.
Kiwi:
Kiwis are flightless birds They have a character similar to that of mammals. They are omnivorous and lay huge eggs.
Kakapo:
The kakapo is also called owl parrot are the only species of flightless parrots in the world. They are nocturnal and ground dwelling parrots.
Takahe:
It is native to New Zealand belongs to the rail family. They are monogamous who spend lives living together from 12 years to entire life.
Cassowary:
Cassowaries are native to tropical forest of New Guinea and northern Australia. They are considered one of the world's dangerous Birds.
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